The Story
hree witches anticipate a meeting with Macbeth. King Duncan hears a report of how his generals Macbeth and Banquo defeated Norwegians and Scottish rebels in battle. The witches gather and meet the generals returning from the war. They predict Macbeth will become Thane (term for a high-ranking Scottish nobleman) of Cawdor, and one day king, and that Banquo will be the father of kings. Macbeth is then greatly impressed when he is greeted by Ross with the title of Cawdor.
Macbeth writes to his wife telling her of what has happened. Lady Macbeth, seeing the opportunity, plots with her husband how they might kill Duncan when he arrives for a visit. After initial enthusiasm, Macbeth changes his mind, but Lady Macbeth persuades him to carry out the deed. He murders Duncan, making it seem that the King’s servants were to blame and describes the scene to his wife. She finds herself having to return the daggers he has used to Duncan’s bedroom, and her hands become covered with blood. They retire when they hear repeated knocking at the castle gates.
Scottish nobleman Macduff (the Thane of Fife) arrives and discovers the dead king and rouses the castle. Malcolm and Donalbain, fearing blame for their father’s death, flee abroad. Soon after, Ross and Macduff reflect on what has happened, and Macduff reports that Macbeth has been made king.
Macbeth is concerned about his position, very aware of the prophecies about Banquo. He arranges with a murderer to kill Banquo and his daughter Fleance; they succeed with Banquo, but Fleance escapes. At a dinner that night, where Banquo would have been the chief guest, Macbeth is terrified by the appearance of his ghost. Macbeth decides to return to the witches to find out his fate. They tell him that he should fear Macduff, that no man born of woman can hurt Macbeth, and that he will never be vanquished until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane (Macbeth’s castle).
Macbeth learns that Macduff is fled to England, so he arranges the death of Macduff’s wife and children. Macduff meets Malcolm, who tests Macduff’s allegiance to Scotland by first painting a bleak picture of his own personality as a future king, then revealing his true character. They agree to fight together, with English support. During the meeting, Ross brings news of the murder of Macduff’s family. In Scotland, a servant observes Lady Macbeth going mad, imagining she cannot clean her hands of Duncan’s blood.
The Scottish nobles gather, and Malcolm orders his men to camouflage themselves with tree branches as they attack, thus giving the appearance of Birnam Wood approaching Dunsinane. Macbeth learns his wife has died. Fearing no man born of woman, Macbeth fights on, but upon meeting Macduff he learns of Macduff’s caesarian birth. Macbeth refuses to yield, is killed by Macduff, and Malcolm is proclaimed king.
